What are some of the ways that metropolitan areas coordinate Essay

What are a portion of the manners in which that metropolitan regions facilitate administrative activites and administrations accross an area, while at the equivalent timeprotecting the estimations of rural freedom - Essay Example This is a genuine case of the united metropolitan zone administration, where city and province gap and offer the obligation of giving center administrations and planning exercises inside its zone. Intensive and composed arranging between the city and the area assists with making the administration progressively productive and practical. The greatest city in the region, Miami, and 34 different towns give a lower level of administrations, for example, fire, water/sewer, stopping, zoning, and so on. Simultaneously, the Dade County gives the more significant level of administrations, for example, school, crisis the executives, air terminal, provincial travel, and open lodging. Simultaneously, the County gives lower-level administrations to regions that are not consolidated under Miami-Dade County administration. There are a few administrations that are given at the two levels, for example, parks and amusement. The two degrees of government that facilitate administrations and exercises in the bigger Miami region force charges. The Dade County works under an Executive Mayor, who is designated by the County Manager, and a County Commission. In certain districts, nonetheless, the previously mentioned proper type of administration isn't politically possible, along these lines a few types of practical administration rise. A case of the useful administration is Portland, Oregon. Oregon has a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO). There are numerous MPO all through metropolitan territories in the United States, which are viewed as an inventive type of useful administration. Their proper job is to create and oversee provincial transportation plans. In any case, an ever increasing number of duties are appointed to MPOs by the nearby governments. Oregon has the most remarkable MPO in the nation, the intensity of which crosses 3 provinces and 25 urban areas. Not at all like ordinary MPOs, Oregon MPO oversees transportation, yet just stops and amusement, and open offices, just as supervises land use and urban development limit. In this manner, I

Advantages and Disadvantages of Accounting information systems (AIS) The WritePass Journal

Focal points and Disadvantages of Accounting data frameworks (AIS) Presentation Focal points and Disadvantages of Accounting data frameworks (AIS) IntroductionType and nature of both the dangers and the security threatsNature of riskType of RiskType of Security ThreatsSecurity Strategies/Measures Control ProcedureConclusionRelated Presentation Bookkeeping data frameworks (AIS) have encountered tremendous changes in a very long while, improving from paper-based diaries and records to totally computerized, paperless frameworks. Be that as it may, the movement from paper to PC has its dangers to the organization. It contains the secret data which becomes traded off in the event that it is unprotected. The unapproved utilization of the bookkeeping framework can be abused and engaged with gambling loss of the data, terrible and awful information input. Security of bookkeeping frameworks is a need in numerous organizations. In ongoing decades, the changing condition has represented a danger to the organization. As a framework bookkeeper of an enormous set up UK based Retail Company represent considerable authority in the offer of family unit electrical apparatuses, it is important to consider the dangers and the security dangers that the organization would look in today’s business condition. As per Tony Boczko, chance is identified with the probability of misfortune, the likelihood of accident and the chance of risk or mischief. In addition, hazard can be characterized in a few different ways, for example, the possibility of terrible outcomes, the presentation to incident and the likelihood of misfortune. These dangers and dangers can lead an unwanted effect on both the present and eventual fate of the company’s budgetary exercises and soundness. Type and nature of both the dangers and the security dangers Nature of hazard The nature and wellspring of the dangers can be recognized into two essential wellsprings of hazard which can be sorted as the occasion/action based hazard and asset/resource based hazard. By alluding to Tony Boczko 2007 (pp. 681), he referenced that occasion/action based hazard is characterized as the hazard which is related with the specific occasion/action or the gathering of exercises/occasions. The asset/resource based hazard is the auxiliary essential source which can be characterized as the hazard which is related with the ownership and utilization of the asset/resource or the gathering of recources/resources. Moreover, Tony Boczko 2007(pp. 681) referenced that the wellspring of hazard can be sorted into four related auxiliary wellsprings of dangers, for example, approved inward worker and outer operator based hazard, unapproved people based hazard and nature-based hazard. The instance of the approved inside representative/outside specialist based hazard is the conceivable misfortune which can be come about because of the accidental or conscious mistakes. Unapproved people based hazard is in all likelihood associated with the danger of conceivable misfortune which can be brought about the potential penetrates of security and misappropriation of advantages and data. The nature based hazard is associated with the danger of conceivable misfortune which is come about because of the topographical catastrophe or meteorological conditions. Sort of Risk What are the various sorts of dangers? There various contrasting sorts of hazard that can influence the family electrical machines organization in today’s business condition. One of the dangers is inadvertent blunder. Accidental blunder is the mistake which is identified with the unintentional slip-up and wrong activities owing to the awful judgment in dynamic, numbness and mindlessness. The inadvertent mistakes that occurred through modernized frameworks are consistently at of hazard power disappointment of the PC, infections assault and end up with losing the significant data of the organization, for example, money related reports. Besides, issues with automated framework could prompt a stop in utilization of the database. At the point when the family electrical apparatuses organization is center and dependent around the bookkeeping data framework, the accidental blunder because of the force and PC blackout could prompt a work disturbance. Work interruption can impair the co ntribution of the data of the organization can access to the put away data. Also, if the information isn't upheld up appropriately, the organization will wind up lost its significant information. Hazard, for example, intentional mistakes can cause the organization with the awful and genuine ramifications. As indicated by Tony Boczko 2007(pp. 682), purposeful mistakes can be clarified as the cognizant mistakenness and error whose events are intended to harm, demolish and swindle an individual, gathering of people and association. Such mistakes are purposeful and planned. Consider the possibility that there is ‘someone’ else facilitating its valuable and significant information. ‘Someone’ alludes to the programmer. Hacking is the illicit activity which associated with increasing unapproved access to the organization bookkeeping data framework to take and get the information wrongfully. The huge updates on the hacking framework is NASA’s framework. ‘In 2002, Gary McKinnon was captured by the UKs national cutting edge wrongdoing unit, in the wake of being blamed for hacking into NASA and the US military PC networks.’ (BBC NEWS, 2006) Besides that, the programmer ‘The programmer has likewise denied that he had made Washingtons PC framework inoperable, in spite of the fact that he admitted he may have erased some administration records by incidentally squeezing an inappropriate key’. (Jo Best, 2005). Conscious blunders carried a genuine ramifications to the organization. Other than that, cataclysmic event is likewise considered the genuine sort of hazard in today’s business condition. ‘A cataclysmic event is the impact of a characteristic peril (e.g., flood, tornado, typhoon, volcanic emission, seismic tremor, or avalanche). It prompts monetary, ecological or human misfortunes. The subsequent misfortune relies upon the powerlessness of the influenced populace to oppose the risk, additionally called their resilience’. (Wikipedia, 2011) As a family unit electrical machines organization, in the event that it is experienced the catastrophic event, for example, floods. Floods can wreck waste PC framework and cause the crude sewage to spill with water. Other than that, building and company’s supplies can be likewise harmed because of the floods. It will prompt the cataclysmic consequences for the earth as the harmful, for example, gas will be discharged and caused contamination. Floods can make an enormous measure of cash misfort unes the business. Kind of Security Threats In today’s business condition, there are numerous PC fakes and PC wrongdoings through mechanized bookkeeping data frameworks. Extortion can be characterized as ‘deceit, fraud, sharp practice, or penetrate of certainty, executed for benefit or to increase some unjustifiable or deceptive favorable position. In the broadest sense, an extortion is a deliberate trickery made for individual addition or to harm another individual’. (Wikipedia, 2011) As a family unit electrical apparatuses organization, the inward representatives or chiefs just as the investors can be likewise misrepresentation through the automated bookkeeping data framework. The data put away electronically can be controlled and gotten to if legitimate controls and safety efforts are not occurred. This will influence the activity of the business. Extortion, for example, account takeover is a genuine movement which consistently occurs in today’s business condition. ‘An account takeover can h appen when a fraudster acts like a veritable client, oversees a record and afterward makes unapproved transactions’. (Activity extortion) The data of record holders, for example, charge card can be taken over by those fraudsters. Los Angeles lawyer Christopher Painter stated: If you have a hazardous development on the Internet, youre going to have this incredible immense development in fake direct and wrongdoing submitted over the web. (BBC NEWS, 1999) From this proof, we can see that there is a security danger on today’s business through the modernized bookkeeping data framework. Fraudster can be sued on the off chance that they discovered by individuals. For instance, ‘Bank of America and two of its previous supervisors have been accused of misrepresentation for supposedly deceptive investors during the takeover of Merrill Lynch’. (guardian.co.uk, 2010) There are scarcely any kinds of extortion, for example, bogus charging, money related misrepresentation, propelled expense fakes, wholesale fraud and phishing. In bogus charging trick, the fraudster will convey an alleged receipt for a specific item or administration that are never be requested, fraudster trust that it will be paid without a doubt from the casualty with no examination. This movement generally occurred in enormous business association, it is on the grounds that huge business association has a charging or installments framework which used to pay the receipt of the organization, fraudster conveys those phony solicitations and expectation that this will be unnoticed by the huge business associations. ‘Phishing is a method of endeavoring to obtain touchy data, for example, usernames, passwords and charge card subtleties by taking on the appearance of a dependable element in an electronic communication’. (Wikipedia, 2011) It is perilous for today’s business activity, it is on the grounds that as opposed to taking the individual and business data, ‘phishers’ can influence the PC with the infections and persuade the casualty so as to take an interest in tax evasion. Another security danger is PC wrongdoing, as indicated by Tony Boczko 2007 (pp. 691), he referenced that PC wrongdoing can be characterized as the conscious activity to access, or take, harm or demolish the PC information without approval. PC wrongdoing includes in the movement of untrustworthy control of PC projects or PC based information. It additionally includes in the fake use/maltreatment of PC access and assets for individual increase. The sorts of PC wrongdoing, for example, the unseemly utilization of corporate data frameworks, burglary of PC and equipment, unapproved get to and illuminate

Human resource development in multinational companies Essay

Human asset improvement in global organizations - Essay Example To adapt up to the opposition, they are required to plan and actualize techniques to build up the company’s HR. In today’s globalized condition, it has gotten hard for the supervisors to totally kill the dangers that globalization has brought. Worldwide organizations face a significant number of such troubles in getting productive staff in different nations. Global organizations plan to develop their image name and notoriety. They have to give a similar quality and offices in each nation they are working in. Be that as it may, the HR accessible in various nations bring various difficulties for them. They have to build up an arrangement to collect a workforce which could impeccably do the activity the organization intends to accomplish. The idea of repatriation and exile is additionally worth referencing here as the human asset improvement program must think about these ideas. As an ostracize completes the alloted work in the other nation and moves back to the host natio n, he faces the alteration issues once more. A total and feasible HRD technique should likewise consider these laborers who are sent to another country while working for all time in some worldwide association. Objective: The point of this paper is to recognize the key difficulties looked by ranking directors in today’s globalized business condition in accomplishing skillful HR. The paper likewise centers around the inquires about made in such manner. What's more it gives proposals to decrease or wipe out the challenges in human asset advancement and lessen the representative turnover rate in the associations. The investigation is planned in such a way, that would help in accomplishing the goal effectively. In the initial step it gives a concise presentation about worldwide associations and their place in today’s business world. In the following stage it

The Far and Contract Provisions for Protection Case Study - 825 Words

The Far and Contract Provisions for Protection Case Study (Case Study Sample) Content: The Far and Contract Provisions for ProtectionNameInstitutionImportance of Standard Default ClauseBeing a contracting officer surely leaves a person with a great responsibility as just a little mistake makes the thing go the other direction. It is necessary that the person at that post should always carefully handle the contracts, to carefully examine the statements and conditions provided within the contract. As only this holds the key for a person at such post to have a successful contract completion with best results. It is indeed important to understand the necessity of default clause of the contracts. Importance such as: 1 It is the only way to which the termination of any contract can be stopped, as for the case of any contracting officer it is important how he/she handles the deal and get the best out of it. A contract can be easily terminated through the failure of the work, delay in the progress or due to the failure of other provisions. 2 As the contract, th e officer takes such contract only to earn money that is the basic need of a person. As in the case of contracts, the type of work and results provided at the end decides the payment for the workers so it makes a necessary point in completing the task with the most achievable quality and efficiency.These are some of the most important factors for which it is important to know the necessity of the default clause provided. Because termination of a contract will only create a negative point for both the contractor and the worker, and as an obvious point none will ever want to have his payments cut down and these negative points can only be avoided if the clause provided to be followed (Scott, 2016).Changing of Terms and ConditionsWhenever the government provides a contract to a contractor they provide them with some pre- decided terms and conditions, these conditions are set by the governments are then decided over again with the contractor before taking the task in order to have a con flict-free work and setting the best conditions on basis of which the work is given to the contractor.Changing of conditions by the contact officer makes it a bit difficult, especially in the middle of the task. For carrying out such changes, the most necessary point is that the officer must provide a proper and valid statement to the government that will be enough to convince the government official to the changes made to the contract as it is not an easy task to carry out. The reason for the changes must have some sense and proper point for it, making some senseless changes will only lead to the termination of the contract or maybe cut in the payments and will create an inner conflict between the government and the contracting officer (Scott, 2016).Improvement in Inspection ProcedureAccording to the FARs review 52.246-1, the inspection is carried out by the contractor only. However, improvements can be made to these reviews such as instead of just the contractor to carry out the i nspection; special government official should also be assigned to the inspection. As a simple fact letting, just the contractor to carry out inspection may sometimes become a point of corruption so setting up an official from the government to ensure no bribery is taken through the inspection and to lead a proper check of the work done. There should be a proper providing of time-to-time report to the official so that there should be a proper step-to-step evaluation of the work in order to provide the best results (Kaiser Thomulka, 2016).Governments Intellectual Property Right PolicyThis policy directs to thrust the policy as marketable financial assets, promote innovation and free enterprise, while shielding the public interest. This policy is reviewed every five years in discussion with the stakeholders. This policy is very biddable with the WTO agreement on TRIPS. The IPR policy also helps the government to decide support related to finance for a limited time on sale and export o r import of goods based on IPRs generated from public-funded researches (Nair Kumar, ...

Literature Review of Hospitality Industry - 5422 Words

Vol. 1, No. 1. ISSN: 1473-8376 www.hlst.ltsn.ac.uk/johlste Finding the Hospitality Industry Paul Slattery (paul.slattery@drkw.com) Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein 20 Fenchurch Street, London, UK. DOI:10.3794/johlste.11.7 ï £ © Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education Abstract Some academics from the UK have published a conception of hospitality, which they argue is the basis for the understanding of the hospitality industry and for teaching and research in hospitality management (Brotherton, 1999; Lashley, 2000; Lashley and Morrison (eds.), 2000). This paper is in two parts. First, I will review the fundamental ideas proposed in these publications to illustrate that they degrade the hospitality industry. In the second†¦show more content†¦(Lashley and Morrison (eds.), 2000:19) I think that an indication of Selwyn’s concept of hospitality can be gained by applying it to classify relationships. For instance, Osama bin Laden can be described as having been a guest of Mullah Mohamed Omar and his Taliban who provided hospitality to their guest and his associates in alQaeda. The hosts and guests shared the same moral universe and the hosts considered that they had a moral obligation to protect their guests despite the enormity of the case agains t them and their condemnation by most of the rest of humankind. This application illustrates that the social domain presents a loose perspective on social relationships that are not specific to venues as are the commercial and private domains. Thus, the social domain is logically different from the other two. One implication of this for understanding the hospitality business is that the social domain becomes relegated to the status of interesting background material, like being able to speak a foreign language or to know about plumbing. If, in the identification of the social domain Selwyn, and Lashley too, are seeking to make the more important point that the social sciences provide a necessary perspective on the hospitality business, then I agree with them and indeed pioneered this position as far back as the early 1970s with my colleagues atShow MoreRelatedImpact Of 2012 Olympics On Hospitality Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pages2012 Olympics and its impact on the hospitality indust ry of London. Research Background / Context On 6th July’ 2005 London was selected as the host city for the 2012 summer Olympic and Paralympics Games. The games is often labelled as the â€Å"greatest show on earth† which involves thousands of sports persons both men and women from around the globe aiming to reach the ultimate in sporting achievement. 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Understanding Disability Stereotyping And Popular...

UNDERSTANDING DISABILITY STEREOTYPING AND POPULAR MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT DISABILITY. Having a physical disability is a stigmatised attribute that is usually associated with stereotypes of incompetence. As a result of these stereotypes, individuals often experience economic and medical disadvantages(Roeher Institute,1996). People with disability are less likely to hold a job because employers tend to judge these individuals by their perceived limitations, rather than their actual abilities and potential. Evidently, the first thing that comes to mind when disability is mentioned is a wheelchair because of the symbol that is used to represent it. Yet only 5% of disabled people do actually use wheelchairs. Under the Equality Act 2010 (Great Britain). A person is considered to be disable if they have ‘a physical impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on their ability to perform normal day-to-day activities. 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Sociology of Music free essay sample

Buffalo Soldier and 8th Light Music is a worldwide language. Different genres come from different parts of the world, crossing over time zones and seas to reach out to another group of people to shed light on things happening where it originated from. You can listen to songs to learn about other cultures and things that are going on in the world from the perspective of those who wrote the song.Buffalo Soldier by Bob Marled which touches on the Influence of blacks and how they shaped a land which was not their mom and Astronomy (8th Light) by Black Star which Is a song trying to figure out Just what a Black Star or the collective strength of the black community can do, do just that. The song Buffalo Soldier by Bob Marled was from Marbles final recording session in the year 1980. The song genre is Reggae which was first developed in Jamaica and has origins tied to many other genres such as RB,Jazz, and Calypso. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology of Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The song was released In after Marbles passing In the year 1983.The lyrics describe a buffalo soldier which Is defined as An African-American cavalry soldier In the earth of America which is the Midwest. The song says that this soldier (along with many others) was stolen from Africa which lets us know that Buffalo Soldiers were the product of the pattern of contact: involuntary immigration or slavery. The song goes on to say that the soldier was fighting on arrival, fighting for survival, this describes the soldier going through a survival of the fittest type of situation which Spencer defined as Social Darwinism.The soldiers were slaves taken from Africa brought over o America to do what Cleveland Caucasian Americans did not want to be Involved In. The whole reasoning behind there being buffalo soldiers in the heart of America was that the African-American soldiers were sent out to rid the uncharted territory of the United States of the Native Americans who resided there. Contacts. Com stated that, Marled gives a small history lesson as a protest song about the black mans role in building the country that continues to oppress him. The song Astronomy (8th Light) Is by the collaboration group Black Star which insisted of Moms Defy and Tall Swell. This song Is from their album Moms Defy Tall Swell Are Black Staff released in 1998. The genres associated with this album were Alternative hip hop and Conscious hip hop. Alternative hip hop or rap groups refuse to conform to any of traditional stereotypes of rap. Instead, they blur genres such as funk, Jazz, soul, reggae and others. Conscious hip hop also referred to as socially conscious hip-hop is a sub-genre of hip hop that focuses on social Issues. The song starts off with Moms Defy saying Against the canvas of the night, Appears a curious elastic phenomena, called Black Star, but what is it? Then Taliban Swell says Black people unite and lets all get down. We got to have what? We got to have that love. During the song Moms Defy and Tall Swell are describing all the things that Black Star could be like, Is it the cat with the shades, the black car? or Black, my family thick, like theyre striped molasses. Star, on the rise, In the eye of the masses. The Black Star Itself Is a reification created by Moms Defy and Tall Swell.I feel that the Black Star for all minorities. The song touches on racial stratification when Moms Defy says, Blacker than my granddaddy armchair, he never really got no time to chill there, Cause this life is warfare. Moms Defy is talking about the Civil Rights movement when he describes this life as warfare. Later in the song they say, Be unlucky for you like a black cat, A panther, Revolution is the answer, which is alluding to the Black Panther Party who pushed the Black Power movement through the mid ass to the early ass.Black Star (the group) is using multiculturalism to lend a voice to that which had been hardhearted as other or the minority. Music is a great way to learn about society. Some songs like ones put out today can help you learn about society but they will not challenge your mind and make you truly think about what the writer is trying to say through his or her lyrics. Songs such as the two I selected are great examples of songs that make you think. Buffalo Soldier and Astronomy (8th Light), force you to think about the lyrics, what is being described or what story is being told by the artist.

Start-Up Plan For Wedding Internet Business Essays - E-commerce

Start-Up Plan For Wedding Internet Business Frequent Shopper Programs Card Programs, or Frequent Shoppers Programs (FSP) are increasing in supermarkets around the country. FSPs are bringing more consumers into the grocery stores more often and studies show that these cardholders are more likely to spend than non card members. One study shows that over 80% of customers shop less than once a week in the same store. Most consumers have low customer loyalty, so retailers are looking for a way to reward them in order to get them to continually shop in their stores. Retailers are looking for a way to increase their profits by having repeat customers. Studies show that cardholders account for 75% of the stores sales. Main goals of using a FSP are to retain customers, have them visit frequently and spend more money. Targeted demographics for card programs consist of larger, upscale, educated families of three or more. Studies show that the top five reasons for a consumer to choose a retail store are due to: 1). Convenient Location 2.) Store Deals 3.) Frequent Shopper Programs 4.) Assortment of Merchadise 5.) Store Cleanliness Consumers who have cards spend 4xs more each transaction than a non card member. The average non card holding consumer in the store spends $7 versus a card holder who spends $28 per transaction. By using frequent shopper programs, retailers can keep a database to segment their customers by their buying habits in order to better market themselves to the needs of their customers. Databases can help with marketing efforts geared at differentiating themselves from competitors by segmenting customers by how often they shop, how much they spend, and what their shopping patterns are. Grocery retailers are seeing benefits from these programs but there are some glitches to joining one. FSPs are expansive programs to initiate. The program costs anywhere from $15,000 to $20,000 a year. Retailers must consider whether their ready to initiate a program and monitor the database in order to create a variety of marketing schemes to follow through on. The program does not capture every transaction of the store knowing who each consumer is so a retailer must consider whether or not they think such a program would be beneficial. Currently FSPs are growing with 25% of retailers having them. Over 30% of all supermarkets in the U.S have some type of FSP. With mergers and acquisitions, we wont know what the fate of the program will be, but they are paying off for many retailers and for the time being, growing. Business Essays

Writing English Coursework

Writing English Coursework Writing English Coursework Writing English Coursework: Custom Writing If you are writing English Coursework, you will find this page useful. Down the page you will a well-written sample of English coursework on the topic Sir Arthur Conan Doyles short stories. If you want to get a custom coursework written by professional writer from scratch in accordance to your specific instruction, you should order coursework writing service at our site. We deliver high-quality original coursework on time! Do not forget to review tips on marketing coursework writing, English essay writing, and take a look at free English essays in our paper blog maintained by professional writers! Writing English Coursework: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Short Stories In this English coursework essay, I will be studying in depth one of the Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's short stories, The Adventure of the Speckled Band. This is from his collection of short stories, the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. I will be comparing this story with five other short stories, all from the same collection as The Adventure of the Speckled Band. The stories are The Red-Headed league: The Boscombe Valley Mystery; The Man with the Twisted Lip; The Blue Carbuncle and The Engineer's Thumb. All these six stories were originally published between 1891 and 1893, in the Strand Magazine. This illustrated monthly magazine was founded by Sir George Newnes in 1891 and became prominent for its publishing serialisations and short stories. The style of stories in the Strand were mostly all fictional, with Conan Doyle's The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes pretty much dominating the magazine. As stated in The Story of The Strand Magazine, it was prominent for its superior but middlebrow fiction. This shows the main style of the Strand magazine was to print fictional short stories. The stories were mostly adventure stories, that appealed to the audience because of the suspense and tension that built up until the plot was revealed at the end. At the time its biggest reader base was the growing educated middle class, who had the leisure time to read magazines like the Strand. The magazine was produced during a publishing boom of what has been collectively called railway magazines. This m eans The Strand will have been boosted in its amount of readers, until it ceased publication in 1950. The different types of reading audiences that have enjoyed the stories vary quite a lot. The main reason these stories took off so much is by them being read on trains by businessmen or just general people whilst they were travelling. In the late 1800s, trains were the main source of businessmen travelling around. However, many other audiences read the stories, for example children and the working class liked to read the fictional stories. Conan Doyle's purpose in writing The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes was probably because he wanted to write something that would really get people intrigued, and excited about the conclusions to his stories. The general appeal of detective stories is to get the reader guessing at who committed the murder, or whatever the case is. Conan Doyle builds up the suspense and is extremely good at keeping the reader guessing, and making them read on. In the Speckled Band a characters says, For pity's sake tell me the cause of my sister's death. What the character says almost epitomises what the audience is thinking. This shows that the writer of detective stories always try to keep the reader on a tender hook, which is why the stories appeal so much. Conan Doyle also uses this type of thing in the titles to his stories as well. The Adventure of the Speckled Band suggests that there will be an adventure involving something mysterious and intriguing, the Speckled Band. It is the same with The My stery of the Red-Headed league and the man with the Twisted Lip, because words like Red-Headed league are very random and uncommon, suggesting they are mysterious. In all the Sherlock Holmes stories, Conan Doyle uses the historical context to entertain his readers, and because there are different generations of audience it has consequences of how they react to the stories. For example, a reader in the early 1900s would react differently to things than a modern day reader. Because the stories were written in the late 1800s, many things were different to the modern day. Transport, dress and the language spoken by the characters have changed since the stories were written. The Boscome Valley Mystery provides us with the quote, flying westward at 50 miles an hour. This would be realistically fast and exciting to a 19th century reader, but to a modern audience it wouldn't be terribly fast compared with the trains we travel on now. It would give the modern audience an interesting comparison in transport technology from now and then. Furthermore, a character in the Speckled Band is described as having a black top-hat This is what businessmen in that p eriod often wore, so would relate to a 19th century reader, but would be of historical interest to a modern audience. The language used is also of historical content. Holmes often says, pray take a seat, which wouldn't be used in modern terminology. This is something a 19th century audience would relate to because it would be used in their day, but would be of historical interest to a modern reader as words like that aren't used any more. Another related post onMuch Ado About Nothing:. Read also: English Literature Coursework Comparative Analysis Essay A Reflection Essay Sociology Coursework Help Critique Essay Write

Microsoft's Current Development Strategy Case Study

Microsoft's Current Development Strategy - Case Study Example As a company, Microsoft values integrity, honesty, openness, personal excellence, constructive self-criticism, continual self-improvement, and mutual respect. They are committed to their customers and partners and have a passion for technology. They take on big challenges. They hold themselves accountable to their customers, shareholders, partners, and employees by honoring their commitments, providing results, and striving for the highest quality.Microsoft’s best selling products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software. These products have prominent positions in the desktop computer market, with market share estimates as high as 90% or more as of 2003 for Microsoft Office and 2006 for Microsoft Windows, in line with the company's original mission of "a computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft software".Microsoft has footholds in other markets besides operating systems and office suites, with assets such as the MSNBC cable television network, the MSN Internet portal, and the Microsoft Encarta multimedia encyclopedia. The company also markets both computer hardware products such as the Microsoft mouse and home entertainment products such as the Xbox, Xbox 360, Zune and MSN TV. Known for what is generally described as a developer-centric business culture, Microsoft has historically given customer support over Usenet newsgroups and the World Wide Web, and awards Microsoft MVP status to volunteers who are deemed helpful in assisting the company's customers.

Expectancy Violations Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Expectancy Violations Theory - Essay Example However, the scholar argues that personal space is continually reflective of the compromise present between conflicting approach needs that are intact with human beings in relation to having affiliation and privacy (Griffin 85). It is worth mentioning that personal space emanated from an anthropologist, Edward Hall from the Institute of Technology in Illinois. In his argument, he coined proxemics as a study in which people utilise space as special elaboration of culture. Furthermore, he argues that America had four zones that were related to proxemics: intimate distance, personal distance, social distance and public distance. In essence, the four zones range from 0 to 10 fits depending on the zone. In his works, Hall gives clear instances where Americans have continually being insensitive towards the cultures of other people. In response to such behavior, Hall argues that people should be enlightened on nonverbal behaviours that go in line with the communication rules from other peop le. For instance, he argues that people should not cross-boundary in any of the four proxemics zones without an invitation from the concerned person. Similarly, poem author Auden echoes the arguments of Hall insisting that one can only violate the personal space at his or her own peril (Griffin 86). In contrast to the expectation of many, Burgoon’s non verbal expectancy violation model counters the arguments of both Hall and Auden on the fact that people have specific expectations pertaining to invasion of privacy. In fact, her argument point to the fact that at times it is necessary to go against rules that have been put forward. Apparently, the application of this theory is mostly not assumed by the ‘culprit’ who invade the privacy of concerned individual, but the individual who gauge the zone in which the ‘culprit’ invaded in relation to their purported level of closeness and personal communication (Griffin 86). Of importance to note is that Burgo on at some point wanted to dismiss the entire model although she had no intentions of abandoning the concept of expectancy violation as an important concept in human interaction and as such gave an idea that the basic assumptions might have required testing and re-evaluation (Griffin 87). As a result, it was evident that the theory needed to be revised from a ‘convoluted model to an elegant theory’. For instance, in her previous writing Burgoon argued that people would automatically have physiologically arousal when their personal space was invaded. However, after re-evaluation she argued that a person would have mental alertness that would focus on the attention of the violator. In light of this, Burgoon new theory was able to incorporate other crucial nonverbal variables such as facial expression, face to face interaction, and body lean. Additionally, the theory is currently used to solve emotional, marital and intercultural communication (Griffin 88). In the general sense, the works of Burgoon have played a huge role in giving the necessary analysis of interpersonal communication and why people perceive its misuse as violation of personal space as per the limits of emotions and intercultural communication. As such, expectancy violation theory has three core concepts that revolve around it to ensure that its applications are valid.        

Arthur Miller’s, A View From The Bridge Essay Example for Free

Arthur Miller’s, A View From The Bridge Essay Arthur Miller’s ‘A View From The Bridge’ is a great play set in the run down area of Brooklyn, New York, a community in Red Hook, during the 1950s. It explores the themes of justice, unnatural love, codes of society and respect. The play focuses on the jealousy the protagonist, Eddie Carbone, exerts towards his wife’s illegally immigrated Italian cousins, Marco and Rodolpho, due to his passionate feelings for his own niece, Catherine, consequently ending with his life. The key events of the play are all very reasonable and typical in reflection to the time it was written. The disastrous aftermath of World War Two and the Great Depression left people with one dream; the American dream. To escape their less economically developed country and lead a better life many travelled to America. Italians suffered most excruciatingly hence it is they who went through mass migration, but lead it a better life they did not. Confrontation with suspicious Americans and intense hardship only crippled their self-esteem and lead them to be more independent. In ‘A View From The Bridge’ we witness how this period of time effected and shaped the behaviour of characters in the play. Arthur Miller uses Alfieri to make the play much easier to understand and enjoyable for us, the audience. In this essay I am going to analyse how exactly this has been done. Arthur Miller cleverly uses Alfieri in a number of ways. Alfieri is the narrator; Alfieri plays a character; and Alfieri is a good example of what some call a Greek Chorus. He is our narrator and plays the role of an Italian-American lawyer which makes us expect his words to be truthful. Alfieri also very effectively helps distinguish scenes, expand on characters and make the play more explicit, just as a Greek Chorus would do in old Greek tragedies. Doing this allows us to understand and follow up on the play, its themes and events. â€Å"†¦In Sicily, from where their fathers came, the law has not been a friendly idea since the Greeks were beaten†¦Justice is very important here†: Alfieri’s opening monologue, Act 1; he is the Greek Chorus. Alfieri gives us some background information on Red Hook and its neighbourhood, allowing the audience to form an impression on the characters and their morals. Having knowledge on the circumstances explored in the play, what with the illegal immigration, this line in the monologue can infer one of two things: the Italians in Red Hook cannot turn to the law because they are illegal immigrants, or the Italians will not turn to the law due their lack of trust as a result of their Italian customs. Either way, since turning to the law is never going to be the answer, the obvious way to gain justice is for the law to be taken into the people’s hands. Knowing this helps us, the audience, understand why certain events take place later on in the play. We understand Marco is an immigrant and therefore understand why he uses violence to enforce justice against Eddie for his actions. The theme of justice is introduced here. Eddie Carbone’s death at the end of the play came as no surprise to us all. Alfieri had already told us from the beginning that he sat there and â€Å"watched it run its bloody course†¦this one’s name was Eddie Carbone’’. Eddie Carbone will die, but in no ordinary way; he will be murdered which we can indicate from Alfieri mentioning â€Å"bloody course†. Alfieri put great emphasis on the fact that the people of Red Hook take justice into their own hands in his opening monologue which, if we put two and two together, must mean that Eddie’s blood will be spilt for one’s justice. This time Arthur Miller uses Alfieri to really hook, and keep us hooked, in the play. Us knowing that Eddie will be murdered before it actually happens means that we, the audience, know more than the characters. Throughout the play, no matter what turn of event takes place, we know that Eddie’s death is inevitable. This creates a very interesting and suspense atmosphere as we are eager to find out how exactly each character’s action leads up to the death; how Eddie’s own actions may have a huge impact on Marco feeling compelled to end his life. The theme of unnatural love is also first made clearer to us through the use of Alfieri and his unveiling of Eddie’s true inner feeling for Catherine, although Eddie himself denies such possibility which is typical of longshoremen, or men generally, of the time; expressing your emotions just wasn’t a masculine thing to do. Alfieri claims that Eddie has â€Å"too much love for the niece†, which makes Eddie’s resentment towards Rodolpho understandable to us. Why Eddie opposed Catherine’s relationship with Rodolpho was at first quite inexplicit, with many of us assuming it was just the possessiveness of an uncle, but Arthur Miller’s use of Alfieri’s, again as a Greek chorus, makes the play more understandable, and not only that, it also enhances the dramatic factor of the play; we know Eddie will die at the end of the play and are now interested to know how his feelings for Catherine will play a part in his tragic death. In Act 1 Alfieri and Eddie both highlight the codes of the society of Red Hook, made due to the mistrust in the law. Eddie outlines the consequences of snitching on the immigrants whilst Alfieri explains to us that the immigrants will take the law into their own hands. When Eddie is on the verge to call the immigration Bureau later in Act 2 Alfieri tells him he â€Å"won’t have a friend in the world†, reminding Eddie and us that the society will destroy him if he informs because he is going against their codes of society. Here Alfieri, in spite of being a lawyer who should support the law, is trying to prevent Eddie from making a huge mistake. Alfieri is an American lawyer from an Italian background which is why he is aware that if Eddie goes along with his actions then he will have the society to answer to. We trust Alfieri, a lawyer to be a good judge of character and rational, because he is professionally detached. However, with Eddie he has a slight connection which he mentions in his opening monologue: I had represented his father in an accident case some years before, and I was acquainted with the family in a casual way. When Eddie did call the Immigration Bureau, Alfieri and the audience know that Eddie’s actions were against the codes of society and citizens of the time would not abide by the law, no, they will enforce their justice though violence. However despite being aware of this, Alfieri offers a different opinion on the codes of society to Marco. â€Å"To promise not to kill is not dishonourable† and â€Å"Only God makes justice†. This makes the play very much more dramatic because on one hand Alfieri goes against the law advising Eddie not to snitch, and on the other hand Alfieri goes against the codes of society by telling Marco not to kill Eddie. This adds to the dramatics because we know that Alfieri’s attempts to prevent Eddie’s death will fail, he himself mentioned being â€Å"powerless†, so we continue to watch whether Marco listens to Alfieri or does go out to kill, sticking by his Italian customs. In addition, I think that Arthur Miller has decided to make one character go against the law and the other by the law to show that both the law and a person’s morale can be wrong – the law is not always correct and neither is a person’s judgement of what is right and wrong. This too makes it dramatic as the audience can now question themselves whether the steps taken by each character was right or wrong. The portrayal of Eddie Carbone in the play is, without a doubt, negative. His unnatural feeling for Catherine, his horrible behaviour towards Rodolpho and his betrayal to the cousins forces us to dislike his character. However, to conclude the play, Arthur Miller decides to express Alfieri’s sympathy for Eddie to shape our final impression of him, leaving us confused as to whether Eddie was a heroic character or a villain. †¦even as I know how wrong he was, and his death useless, I tremble†¦something perversely pure calls to me from his memory†¦for he allowed himself to be wholly known and for that I think I will love him more then all my sensible clients†. Alfieri does not stop liking Eddie because he understands what he was like. He is suggesting to us that although we recognise Eddie’s actions as immoral and wrong, perhaps we should delve deeper into what provoked Eddie to commit the crimes he did. His love for Catherine, while wrong, is pure, so should he have been punished by death? But maybe if he had listened to Alfieri and compromised with Catherine and Rodolpho’s relationship none of this would have happened. Alfieri had repeated many times, as well as in his closing monologue, that it is â€Å"better to settle for half†; making compromises is best. This is the very meaningful message Arthur Miller portrays to us through Alfieri throughout the play. To conclude, I believe Alfieri, despite not taking much part in the action, has a very vital part in the play. He is, metaphorically speaking, the bridge in the play, who has been distinctively used as a viewpoint of the story. Without him we would have been left clueless after watching the play as it is he who fills in all the gaps and answers all the unanswered questions lingering in our minds. He also raises suspense in the play like no other, enhancing our enjoyment. When Eddie is on the urge of calling the Immigration Bureau Alfieri, despite being a lawyer who should support the law, discourages Eddie from proceeding with the call. You won’t have a friend in the world, Eddie! Even those who understand will turn against you, even those who feel the same will despise you! † He reminds Eddie and the audience that the society will destroy him if he informs because he is going against the codes of society. Alfieri is knowledgeable on these codes of so opposes the law as he does not want Addie to make this mistake probably because he is becoming too attached to Eddie’s story as he offers a different opinion on the codes of society to Marco. To promise not to kill is not dishonourable† and â€Å"Only God makes justice†. Both Alfieri and the audience know that Eddie’s act was against the codes of society and in the society of the time Eddie will be punished though violence as this is the only way Marco, an Italian immigrant, will obtain his justice, based on the fact that the Italians did not trust the law. But yet Alfieri went against the codes of society by telling Marco not to kill Eddie, whilst on the other hand he goes against the law advising Eddie not to inform. This make the play more dramatic because the audience know that Alfieri’s attempts to try and prevent Eddie’s death will not have worked, reinforcing that he is powerless, so they continue to see how Eddie dies. Also I think that Arthur Miller has decided to make one character go against the law and the other by the law to show that both the law and a person’s morale can be wrong – the law is not always correct and neither is a person’s judgement of what is right and wrong. This too makes it dramatic as the audience can now question themselves whetehr the steps taken by each character was right or wrong. He doesn’t stop liking Eddie, because he understands what he was like. He mourns Eddie, but with alarm, because he knows it will happen again. Alfieri is the voice of reason amongst great chaos, but chaos wins, probably because of the tense situation. I confess that something perversely pure calls to me from his memory. To what extent is it possible to feel sympathy for Eddie? Consider in your answer the part played by the Italian community in his behaviour. When Alfieri concludes his feelings at the end of the play, he is suggesting to the audience that although we recognize Eddies actions as immoral and wrong, perhaps we may still be able to sympathise with him. In order to answer this, we have to delve deeper into what provoked Eddie to commit the crimes he did, which ended eventually in his own death. At the beginning of the play, Miller wants us to recognise just how good a man Eddie can be. With his Arthur Miller ends the play in a dramatic and thought provoking way. The audience question whether Eddie deserved to die or not. All Eddie had done is fallen in love, perhaps with the wrong person, but love is a pure emotion that cannot be controlled. Eddie’s feelings lead him to call the immigration Bureau but he was not in the right state of mind as he himself was confused about his feelings for Catherine co should he have been punished by death? Arthur Miller uses Alfieri to close the play portraying a meaningful message, a phrase which he repeats many times; â€Å"And yet it is better to settle for half†. Making compromises is best. Being greedy can be regretful so it is better to be happy with what you’ve got than risk your life for more. Although Alfiieri does not take much part in the action, he has a vital role in the play. He is the narrator, the lawyer and the mediator (he tries to keep the peace). He is, metaphorically speaking, the bridge in the title. He is separate from the main action so could be described as looking down on it. He also links the Italian American community with America itself in terms of its laws which do not necessarily reflect traditional Italian views on justice. Significantly by the title â€Å"A view from the bridge†, this is indeed exactly the role of Alfieri’s character. Miller uses distinctively the character of Alfieri as a viewpoint of the story , something he does in a very elegant and dynamic way. In conclusion, Alfieri’s role within this play makes it entertaining, enjoyable and easier to understand for the audience. I believe that without Alfieri the play would not have binded well therefore the audience would not have had a good understanding. It’s like having a building without its foundation. Arthur Miller’s use of Alfieri managed to draw in the audience’s attention, build up suspense at the beginning of the play, make it clear why certain events took place and why characters behave the way they do, so I think that without Alfieri, ‘A View From The Bridge’ will be meaningless and confusing to watch.

Inflation and the Economy Essays -- Inflation Economy Economics Essays

Inflation and the Economy WHY UNDER MONETARY FREEDOM INFLATION COULD BE STOPPED WITHOUT BRINGING ABOUT UNEMPLOYMENT 1. Unemployment and inflation do coexist and inflation causes much unemployment which would cease with it. 2. Excessively inflated prices would fall to market prices and so promote sales and employment. 3. Less government spending would mean more private spending. 4. Prices and wages could be adjusted fast. If this is not done then this is not the effect of stopping inflation! 5. Price adjustments through gold-value clearing could take place already during a continuing paper money inflation - leaving no adjustment problem. 6. While FALLING prices do indeed deter from buying and promote unemployment, FALLEN prices do the contrary. Under monetary freedom there would only be FALLEN prices. 7. The un- or under-used productive capital investment would, under monetary freedom, be almost fully used and would thus ensure that there arises or remains no unemployment. 8. Under monetary freedom there would also be no difficulty to mobilize fully the real working capital of any country: the goods and services ready for retail sale and to finance with them full employment - naturally at market wages and prices. 9. Monetary freedom would allow all desired exchanges to take place and would put Say's Law, that supply tends to create equivalent demand, into practice. No sales difficulties or unemployment would result. 10.Unemployment is an unnatural condition: Under monetary freedom it would no more occur than under barter. TEN WAYS HOW, INDEED, WRONG ATTEMPTS TO STOP INFLATION COULD LEAD TO UNEMPLOYMENT - UNDER CONTINUED MONETARY DESPOTISM. 1. Stopping the note ... ...s of the free banking literature. 17. A critique of the note issue monopoly. Sorry, but 15-17 are not yet out, either. On the other hand, LMP has fiched hundreds of monetary freedom titles, including a 124pp free banking bibliography. A handbook on monetary freedom and one dealing especially with cause and cure for unemployment are still in the works by February 1999. John Zube, 11. 2. 1999. Note: I merely scanned this text in and afterward somewhat corrected the scanning and did minor editing. The scanning may still have left some mistakes I did not notice, apart from my own and usual ones. The Word 97 program sometimes insists upon its own layout and stubbornly resists my correction attempts. Somewhat corrected and edited on 26.6.1999 & 2.7.99. Bibliography: Go back to: lmphomepage.htm.htm Go forward to: app23-lt.htm.htm

Comparing Person-based Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Abstract This paper presents a comparison of two therapeutic concepts, person-centred approach and cognitive behavioural therapy in terms of the role of counsellor and client. It specifically describes the role of the client and counsellor and then compares them accordingly. The paper will also discuss the strengths and limitations of the two approaches in order to differentiate them better. Introduction Both person-centred therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy provide support and help to patients by addressing individual matters. Both practices share the common therapeutic goal of welfare improvement. The necessity of an integrated approach to person-centred therapy and cognitive behavioural therapy has called for numerous researches to investigate the roles of the different parties (Moon, 2006). In the comparison of the two therapeutic concepts in terms of the role of counsellor and client, there is a clear difference that is well defined in the subsequent discussions. In person-centred, the patient is the expert on himself and finds his or her own way, while in CBT the counsellor is the expert and leads the patient (Branaman, 2001). The approaches also have strengths and limitations that are discusses comprehensively. Therapeutic relationship The role of the client and the counsellor In terms of the therapeutic relationship, it is critical to make sure that the result of the therapy is effective and desirable. In relation to these two approaches of counselling, the therapeutic relationships are different from each another. In each approach, the therapist and the client have different roles to play in the processes. Therapeutic relationship in the cognitive behavioural therapy resembles that between a student and his or her teacher (Burkitt, 2008). The role of the counsellor is to provide therapeutic instructions and recommendations to the client who listens and then does exactly as they are told by the therapist. In this kind of relationship, the therapist uses directive structures in directing clients on the changes in behaviour. In this instance, the therapist acts as the point of focus since they impact much on the client’s cognitive and behavioural changes (Branaman, 2001). However, for the purposes of desirable and effective outcomes, collaboration is emphasised in the process of the therapy. The therapist employs Socratic dialogue, which is essential in supporting clients in tenets like the identification of assumptions, values and norms that have affected the emotional and psychological functionality. It involves a disciplined questioning or probing that can be used in the pursuing of thought in various directions and for several purposes, which include exploration of complex ideas (Timulak, 2005). The therapist in this approach questions the client to find out the reality of things, to open up matters together with problems, to reveal presumptions and beliefs and to find out what they know and what they do not know, as well as following out rational meanings of thought and managing the discussion (Burkitt, 2008). The technique is important in the relationship between the client and the therapist because it is disciplined, methodical and normally focuses on critical principles, matters and problems. In addition to this, the client is encouraged by the therapist to chang e these assumptions and identify an unconventional concept for the present and future living (Timulak, 2005). The therapist, in this instance, assists in the promotion of the adoption of remedial learning skills. The client, in this kind of association is always presented with new insights in relation to the matters they are experiencing and thus chooses the most effective and efficient ways of acquiring change. The cognitive behavioural therapy employs the methods that are aimed at individual counselling. It employs the Socratic Method that comprises of numerous questions to be responded to by the client. Counsellors employ various techniques of behaviour, emotion and cognition; different techniques are tailored to fit individual clients (Wetherell et al 2001). Nevertheless, the client is also given chance to ask the therapist some questions. The approach utilises the aspect of homework or coursework that encourages the patients to practice the skills acquired. Therefore, cognitive behavioural therapy’s major technique is the ABC one, which employs the Socratic concept. On the other hand, the therapeutic relationship in the person-centred therapy is very different from the cognitive behavioural therapy. Here, the relationship between the therapist and the client is critical because the therapy focuses on the client as they turn to be the point of focus of the therapy. As a result of this, the therapist has to make sure that there is maintenance of respect, empathy and honesty towards the client (Timulak, 2005). Communication is also important in this approach particularly between the counsellor and the client. The relationship should be equal since it important in enabling change in the client. The client centred therapy approach utilises the attitudes of the therapist as the main technique. The therapist’s attitude towards the patient determines the result of the whole process. The approach makes use of the aspects of listening and hearing and clarification of feelings and ideas (Timulak, 2005). This approach does not employ the methods that encompass directive aspects. In this therapy, there is nothing like questioning or probing, which are commonly seen or done in the cognitive behavioural therapy. Strengths of cognitive behavioural therapy Of all the known psychological therapies, cognitive behavioural therapy is the most clinically researched and examined and is generally considered as one of the most effective means of dealing with anxiety (Wetherell et al 2001). The approach is affordable and the overall procedure of treatment can last for as few as six sessions of one hour each for minor cases of anxiety, though normally in the area of 10-20 sessions. It has more appeal or attraction in the sense that it is exclusively natural and different from medication, there are no harms or side effects. The therapy is most commonly provided as a face-to-face remedy between the counsellor and patient but there is more evidence to demonstrate that its principles can be used in several other frameworks (Denscombe, 2007). For instance, interactive computerized cognitive behavioural therapy is on the rise, however, it can be given in groups or in the self-help books. These alternatives are very appealing to people that find the pr acticalities or ideas of frequent meetings with a counsellor not suiting them. CBT is an approach that is highly structured and involves the patient and the counsellor collaborating on the objectives of treatment that are specific, quantifiable, time-limited, attainable and actual or real. The patient is motivated to break down the behaviours, feelings and thoughts that confine them in an undesirable cycle and they get to learn strategies and skills that can be used in the daily life for the purposes of helping them cope better (Burkitt, 2008). Weaknesses of cognitive behavioural therapy There are some problems with cognitive behavioural therapy that make it undesirable and unsuitable for some individuals. The concept might not be effective for individuals with mental health problems that are more complex or for those that have difficulties in learning. The major focus of the concept is usually about the patient and their capacity to change their behaviours. Some individuals feel like this is a focus that is too narrow, and disregards too many significant matters such as family, histories of self and extensive emotional issues (Moon, 2006). There is no scope within the concept for individual examination and exploration of emotions, or even of looking at the challenging issues from different angles or perspectives. For these matters to be dealt with in a proper manner, a patient would have to turn to another method, probably along the lines of the psychodynamic counselling. In order to fully gain from the cognitive behavioural therapy, the client has to make sure that they give a substantial level of commitment and dedication as well as participation. Those who argue against the therapy claim that since it only deals with the present issues, and focuses on issues that are very specific, it does not adequately address the probable causes of the mental health problems like a child who is not happy (Furedi, 2004). Sceptics of the concept claim that just by an individual being told that their perceptions of the world do not correctly reflect the reality by the concept’s counsellor are not enough to change the cognition of a patient. A criticism that is more salient for some patients might be that the counsellor initially may accomplish something of a specialist role, in the sense that they offer expertise or experience that is problem solving in the cognitive psychology (Palmer, 2001). Some individuals might also feel that the counsellor can be playing a leading role in their probing and somehow commanding in terms of their suggestions. Patients who are okay with self-examination, who readily employ the scientific approach for the exploration of their personal therapy and who put confidence in the basic theoretical method of cognitive therapy, might find the concept an important one (Gillon, 2007). However, patients that appear to be less easy or contented with any of these, or even whos e suffering is of a more common interpersonal nature, to an extent that it cannot be in a position of easily being framed as an interplay or interaction between behaviours, thoughts and emotions within a particular environment might find this kind of therapy useful to them and their conditions. Cognitive behavioural therapy has always proved to be helpful to the people that suffer from serious conditions, such as depression, uneasiness, fear or obsessive compulsive and panic (Denscombe, 2007). Strengths of person-centred therapy The concept of the approach is that the patient is the best professional or expert on themselves and has the best position of helping themselves. Its strengths include the fact that the patient is the one guiding the experience whereas the therapist reflects on what the patient is doing or saying and can paraphrase the ideas together with practices (Giddens, 2001). The therapist does not judge the patient as being right or wrong. The objective of the person-centred therapy is improving the trust of the patient in themselves and their self-confidence. It also helps them in becoming more able to live in the period, and letting go of the emotions that are unproductive and negative, such as guilt regarding the past events that are difficult to change (Branaman, 2001). Weaknesses of person-centred therapy The fact that the approach is client-led is one of its biggest weaknesses since it is up to the patient to be in a position of processing information and making rational decisions for their personal well-being. In case the client is not capable of doing this as required by the concept, the cornerstone of a therapist not making judgments about the information provided or processed by the client can turn out to be counterproductive to the patient’s welfare (Robb et al, 2004). The approach requires creation of an extended and honest relationship with a counsellor (Bolton, 2001). The advocates of this therapy would claim that the counsellor could work faster, if that is their wish. However, if they are less than one hundred per cent committed to working via their issues, the required duration of the treatment can seriously exceed or surpass the money and time of the patient. Still the counsellors would cite that unlike cognitive behavioural therapy, the major focus of the treatment or approach is about ‘being in the period’ and the concerns of today, instead of upon long-ago past excavation (Branaman, 2001). Conclusion In the discussions above, it is apparent that these two therapies have different approaches to treating patients of the same and different problems. Both of them focus on the conscious mind, the current issues and problems that the patients might have. Both of them have a positive perception of the nature of human beings and perceive the person as not essentially being an outcome of their past experiences, but recognise that they are capable of determining their individual futures. Both approaches try to improve the welfare of patients by way of a collaborative therapeutic relationship, which allows and enhances health adaptation techniques in patients that are having psychological pain and distress in their lives. The biggest differences in the two approaches include the fact that the relationship between clients and therapists differ. The role of the counsellor in cognitive behavioural therapy is to provide therapeutic instructions and recommendations to the client who listens and then exactly does as they are told, while in the person-centred therapy, the relationship between the therapist and the client is critical because it on the client as they turn to be the point of focus. References Bolton, G. (2001). Reflective Practice: Writing and Professional Development. London: Sage. Giddens, A. (2001). Sociology (4th Ed). Cambridge: Polity (Classic Text). Gillon, E. (2007). Person-Centred Counselling Psychology. London: Sage. Branaman, A. (2001). Self and Society. Oxford: Blackwell. Burkitt, I. (2008). Social Selves: Theories of Self and Society. London: Sage. Denscombe, M. (2007). The Good Research Guide. (3rd Ed). Maidenhead: Open University Press. Furedi, F. (2004). Therapy culture. London: Routledge. Moon, J. A. (2006). Learning Journals. London: Routledge. Palmer, S. (ed.) (2001). Multicultural Counselling: A Reader. London: Sage. Robb, M. et al (eds) (2004). Communication, Relationships and Care; A Reader. London: Routledge Timulak R. (2005). Research in Psychotherapy and Counselling. London: Sage. Wetherell, M., Taylor, T., Yates, S. J. ( eds) (2001). Discourse Theory and Practice: A Reader. London: Sage.

Cross-border Merger and Acquisitions Free Essay Example, 3000 words

In the recent past, there has been a rapid increase in the number of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. Consequently, this trend has often been a catalyst for industrial globalization as well as a realignment of the industrial sector (Campbell, 2011). By definition, mergers and acquisitions can be described as the purchase of a company s ownership or part of its assets by another company. In other words, these types of transactions imply that existing assets are consolidated in a new shape. More often than not, the process of asset recombination occurs whenever corporate assets are not used in the best possible way (Depamphilis, 2013). Hence, the combination of two or more assets should be more valuable and worthwhile than the sum of its parts. The process of cross-border mergers and acquisitions can be organized into a logical sequence of steps that should be conducted in order to come up with a set of meaningful and feasible strategic alternatives (Evenett, 2003). There are co mmon elements that are pertinent when undertaking cross-border mergers and acquisitions namely; identification and valuation, payment of the transaction, and post-acquisition management Vadapalii, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Cross-border Merger and Acquisitions or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page On the other hand, it is possible to identify firms whose market prospects can only be described as promising. Such firms fall within the structure of the emerging market and they can be either government or privately owned firms.